Microbiological

Communication

Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. 9(3): 517-522 (2016)

Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial effects of

Calendula of cinalis

essential oil

Shapour H. Chaleshtori, Mehrdad A. Kachoie* and Abdollah G. Pirbalouti

Herbal Medicine Department College of Food and Drug, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University,

Shareakord Iran

ABSTRACT

components had signi cant differences (P < 0.05). C. of cinalis harbored the highest antibiotic effects on the Gram-

negative bacteria (P < 0.05). The highest zone of inhibition was seen for the E. coli (13.31±1.24 mm) and P. aerugi-

nosa (10.22±0.83 mm). The lowest zone of growth inhibition was seen for the S. aureus (3.14±0.27 mm). Statistically

signi cant differences were seen between the types of bacteria and antibiotic effects of C. of cinalis essential oil

(P < 0.05). Careful prescription of antibiotics can control the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacte-

ria. We recommended use of C. of cinalis essential oil as an anti-E. coli and P. aeruginosa agent.

KEY WORDS:

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INTRODUCTION

and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections

caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. It is an

increasingly serious threat to global public health that

requires action across all government sectors and soci-

ety (Momtaz et al., 2013; Dormanesh et al., 2014).

Resistant microorganisms are able to withstand attack

by antimicrobial drugs, such as antibacterial drugs (e.g.

antibiotics), antifungals, antivirals, and antimalari-

als, so that standard treatments become ineffective and

infections persist, increasing the risk of spread to others

of the most commonly used medicinal plants among

Iranian people which is native to the Mediterranean

regions (Pan et al., 2013). C. of cinalis, commonly

known as pot marigold, is an annual herb and belongs

(Pan et al., 2013; Arora et al., 2013; Efstratiou et al.,

2012; Butnariu et al., 2012; Martins et al., 2014).

anti-pyretic, hemostatic, antiseptic, anti-emetic, can-

didicide, anti-viral, astringent, bitter, anti-in amma-

tory, lymphatic, cardiotonic, carminative, diaphoretic,

dermagenic, diuretic, immunostimulant, and uterotonic

agent (Pan et al., 2013; Arora et al., 2013; Efstratiou et

the present study was carried out to evaluate the chemi-

cal components and antimicrobial effects of C. of ci-

nalis on standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus and

Staphylococcus aureus.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present study was accepted by the ethical commit-

tees of the Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Iran.

Medicinal Plants Research Center of the Islamic Azad

University of Shahrekord, Iran. All  owers were col-

lected on the February of 2015. Five-hundred grams of

fresh  owers were hydro distilled separately for 3 h in

an all-glass Clevenger apparatus in accordance with the

British pharmacopoeia method (British Pharmacopoeia

1980).

In order to study the chemical compositions of C.

of cinalis  owers, the GC-mass analysis method was

used using an Agilent 6890 Series II gas chromatograph

as a carrier gas (1 mL min-1). The initial temperature

was programmed from 35 °C to 60 °C (at 1 °C min-1), to

170 °C (3 °C min-1), to 200 °C (8 °C min-1), and to 280

°C (15 °C min-1), and maintained at 280 °C for 5 min.

The injector port (splitless mode, 0.5 min) was at 250 °C.

Retention indexes were calculated with reference to nal-

kanes. All compounds were identi ed by comparison of

both the mass spectra (Wiley 275 library) and the reten-

tion index data found in the literature (Adams 1995).

The bacterial cultures were purchased from the Pas-

10987) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). Each

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tubes containing broth and incubated overnight at 37°C

at shaker.

Agar disc diffusion method was used for screening of

antibacterial activity of C. of cinalis extract (Efstratiou

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Shapour et al.

nalis essential oil is not appropriate approach for syn-

thesis of anti-S. aureus antibiotic.

uginosa. Probably, chemical components of this plant

results have been reported previously.

for ethanol extract, chloroform extract, water extract

and petroleumether extract against the bacteria. They

showed that the extracts of C. of cinalis leaves were

signi cantly effective against both Gram-positive and

and isorhamnetin are the main chemical components of

the C. of cinalis which are responsible for antioxida-

tive, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-in ammatory and

wound healing effects (Muley et al., 2009).

We found that, 8-cineole (30.456%), -Terpinene

(25.547%), Terpinolene (4.584%), -Terpineol (4.490%)

and Trans--ocinene (4.153%) chemical components

reports revealed that the main compounds within Calen-

dula are the triterpenoids (Arora et al., 2013; Butnariu

CONCLUSION

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rial effects of the C. of cinalis especially on E. coli and

P. aeruginosa but it was not effective on the S. aureus

and B. cereus. Therefore, we recommended production

of the diseases caused by these two bacterium such as

wound infections. Judicious prescription of antibiotics

can control and eliminate the occurrence of antibiotic

resistance in pathogenic bacteria.

the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Center of

the Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Iran for their

important technical and clinical support. The present

Shahrekord, Iran (IAUSHK 1991394).

REFERENCES

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